Global Media Giants

Time Warner

Time Warner is the largest media group of the world. This media giant has great names under its belt including CNN, Cartoon Network and HBO. It also has the world largest cinema screens. It also owns largest cable network in the US. It also possesses one of the best studio and production facilities. It also has ownership in comedy central. It is no doubt a global company having more than 200 subsidiaries worldwide. This media giant also runs major theme parks and it also has 150 retail outlets. The world’s famous Sports Illustrated and Time Magazines are also a part of Time Warner.

Disney

Disney is the closest competitor of Time Warner. They shifted their strategy and business model from only theme parks to film production, broadcasting and merchandising. They have now more income from broadcasting as compared to theme parks. Disney Channel has created waves in the home entertainment industry. With their acquisition of ESPN, Disney owns two great channels. Disney is very much active in the toy manufacturing and has an exclusive global marketing deal with McDonalds. Disney also owns world’s most famous theme parks; in addition to this they have several music labels. It also has more than 500 retail outlets worldwide.

Bertelsmann

Bertelsmann is the top media company of Europe. It owns few top channels of Germany.  Their major income is through the printing and publishing as they own more than 100 magazines. The company also owns more than 15 radio stations in Europe.

Viacom

Viacom is also one of the leading media companies of the world. Its television channel MTV and Nickelodeon has made this company extremely powerful. It also acquired paramount and own theme parks and leading video rental store. It now has more than 15 channels influencing the global viewers.

News Corporation

Fox, Sky, Channel V and Twentieth Century Fox are the names that are a part of News Corporation. All these names have created deep impressions in their genres.  It started off with in Australia but expanded in US and later globally. More than 100 newspapers and about 20 magazines are also a part of News Corporation.

Sony

Sony is also one of the leading media companies and has produced many successful music records movies. It acquired Columbia pictures making them the leading entertainment producer of the world. They are also focused in producing video games which differentiates them from other media companies.

History of Electronic Media in Pakistan

National Television-PTV

Usually in every country history of Television starts with the state owned TV channel. In the similar fashion Pakistan Television was launched in 1964. There are 6 channels that are a part of PTVs family. Even after the launch of satellite transmission and the private channels, the reach of PTV is still the most amongst Pakistani viewers due to its territorial coverage.

STN

The electronic media remained under the influence of the government until 1990, and then the first even private television networkNetwork Television Marketing (NTM) was launched by Shalimar Television Network (STN). NTM quickly increased its viewership and became the integral part of the lives of the viewers. Late due to some corruption and financial issues it was closed down and after sometime was re-launched as ATV.

Local Media Giants

ARY

ARY network includes news, entertainment, Islamic, music and cooking channels. The group is not directly related to print but it in the media industry since a long time. It is considered as the first private television network in the new era of private channels regime. The ARY network also manages HBO and Nick in Pakistan.

Jang Group

Jang group needs no introduction, it is owned by Mir Shakil ur Rehman. The major publication of the group is Jung newspaper and The News. Jang newspaper is the highest circulated newspaper of the country. The website of Jang group has most of the times, the highest hits amongst any Pakistani website.  It has other print publications including various magazines as well. In 2002 Geo TV was launched which had the content of news, infotainment and entertainment. Later the news channel was separately launched and now the network consists of sports, music and also other international beams.

Dawn- herald

Herald is one of the largest publication companies of the country. The English News Paper Dawn was launched by the founder of the nation and it is the most circulated English newspaper of the country. It also launched an English news channel which was later converted to Urdu channel.

Eye Entertainment

Hum TV is one of the leading entertainment channels is a part of Eye Entertainment. Famous of its dramas Hum TV is the favorite channels of many women of the county. The group also owns a lifestyle channel “style 360” and a music channel “oye”.

Express-Television Media Network

Lakson group has also become a media giant whose major publication is the Express newspaper which has made an impact in a short span of time. Lakson has now two news channels one in Urdu and the other one is English. They also plan to launch an entertainment and music channel.

Interflow Group

Mr. Tahir Ali Khan is the owner of interflow group. Mr. Tahir has been in the advertising industry since a long time. He also played an important role in the first ever private channel of Pakistan, later he with draw his partnership from NTM. Now the group owns two channels one is news channel News 1 and the other one is entertainment known as TV 1.

Rise of Private Channels

In 2002 during the Musharraf regime private channels were given licenses to broadcast the transmission from Pakistan. Therefore it was during that period when the monopoly of the state owned TV channel was challenged. In the initial period the uplink licenses were not issued therefore transmission of private channels were uplinked from outside Pakistan, most of the private channels in this period were operating from UAE, UK and Thailand. Later the permission of uplink was granted and the channels started their transmission in Pakistan.

Private investors most of them who were already associated with the print or any other form of media found this business of TV channels very lucrative and obtained licenses. Since then the media industry in Pakistan is on a high. They are many news, entertainment, music and sports channels which are operated and controlled from Pakistan. The rise of private channels has also created waves in the advertising industry of Pakistan and it has grown immensely.

Licensing Authority

The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority is responsible for facilitating and regulating the establishment and operation of all broadcast media and distribution services in Pakistan established for the purpose of international, national, provincial, district, and local or special target audiences.

All broadcast mediums come under the PEMRA therefore all TV channels and radio stations have to get the license from this authority and abide by the rules and regulations. Pemra has different set of restrictions for different types of channels. There is a general code of conduct which is valid of all the TV channels of Pakistan. Besides that Pemra can take actions against any TV channel. Pemra also wants to promote Pakistan and Pakistanis therefore there is a certain restriction for Pakistani channels to show the foreign content.

There are 87 licenses granted to Pakistani TV channels however 5 have been cancelled by the authority. There still remain more than 80 channels and it shows that the market is competitive.

Landing Rights

If a channel is uplinked from abroad and wants to distribute its content in Pakistan then it has to acquire landing rights permission from Pemra. Foreign channels like Ten sports, star sports and others are few which fall under this category.

Satellite TVLicense

All channels that want to uplink and run their transmission from Pakistan have to obtain the license from Pemra. The channel can broadcast anywhere in the world depending on the respective satellite coverage.

Revenue Model/ Funding

The revenue model of the TV channels consists of the following:

Government funded:

Owned and sponsored by government of a country. All the matters in this form of model are the responsibility of the government of the country. It is also called state television.

Advertising:

Most private channels run TV commercials as their source of revenue. They sell the air time to different companies who want to broadcast their product information to the viewers. The more the viewership of the channel, the higher are the rates of air time.  Channels work hard to increase their viewership; this includes hiring the skilled HR who can use their experience and skills to produce the content that is liked by the audience. Once the viewership/TRP increases every company wants to promote its products on the channels that is most watched and once this happens the rate of the air time increases thus creating more revenue for a TV channel.

Licensing/Taxation:

There is a fixed fee from the viewers that is a part of the utility bills. BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) has the same model. A fix amount is charged as a utility from all the citizens and it is used to run the channel. This is workable for the state television. In this model the channel doesn’t rely on the revenue from advertisements.

Subscription/Pay TV:

The viewer’s subscription commonly known as pay TV is also a model in which TV channels charge a fee from the viewers it is subscribed to. It is applicable in DTH (direct to home) where the viewers can pay and select the channels that want to watch.

Combination of the above:

There can be a combination of the above models. For example, the state television might run commercials as well or a pay TV also sells airtime for commercials thus creating different sources of revenue.

How Television influence our lives

Television has become an integral part of the life. All forms of media create influence on the audience but TV is one of the most successful forms of media. Whatever is seen on the screen resides in the mind of the viewers, whether it is news, entertainment or even commercials, all have a great influence on our lives. It will be difficult to find someone who doesn’t watch TV. People tune in to different channels to watch their favorite program. Based on the target segmentation, TV channels broadcast different types of programs fulfilling the needs of different type of viewers. Children would want to watch stories and cartoons where as women would want to watch cooking program so based on that the content is created.

TV is also one of the biggest medium for marketing. Companies advertise heavily on TV channels to promote their products and strive harder to build their brand image. These promotional campaigns influence the decision makers in buying the products.

Categories of TV Channels

Generally following broad categories exist in TV channels

News

The channel that gives the information about local, regional, national or international events can be termed as a News Channel. This can also be termed as an infotainment channel. In the early days of TV channel there was a specific time when news bulletin was broadcasted having the coverage of important events that happened on that particular date. Today it has changed we have various local and international channels running 24 x 7 giving each and every small or big event that is happening around us.

In Pakistan, the bulletin from the state television was broadcasted at 9 pm and viewers used to wait anxiously now the scenario has changed, there are private news channel that devote all their energies to cover different events and keep the viewers updated all the time.

Sports

Every viewer wants to watch their country’s sports team competing against other teams. Earlier the normal transmission of a TV channel was interrupted when there was an important sports event happening in the world. Today there are specific sports channel that cover international and local sports events. The launch of sports channels has created great opportunities for the audience as well as the marketers.

Entertainment and Life Style

These lifestyle and entertainment channels broadcast the programs which are related to different lifestyle circumstances.  Heavy investment is done in production including good looking presenters, sets and locations. Dramas, reality shows, celebrity lifestyles all fall under this category.

Cartoon

Now a days cartoon channels have been very influential. Kids of all age are fond of watching cartoon. This category has seen a significant growth. Many advertisers want to promote their products as kids play an important role in decision making to buy any product.

Science and Discovery

Everyone who watches TV knows about National Geographic and Discovery channels. These channels present documentaries, programs on latest innovations and other useful information.

This article is written and compiled by Sheeraz Adil who is working as Manager Broadcast Operations at Geo TV Network and can be contacted at This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it